intentionality
The Husserlian idea that consciousness is always consciousness of something, here elaborated through Sartre's 'digestive' model of knowledge and the directedness of experience.
2 chapters across 1 book
Being and Nothingness (1943)Jean-Paul Sartre
Chapter 3: Transcendence in Sartre's Being and Nothingness explores the notion of transcendence primarily through Sartre's engagement with Heideggerian phenomenology, German Idealism, and Husserlian intentionality. The chapter critically examines the self's relation to the not-self, the role of temporality and space as forms of nothingness, and the foundational structures of consciousness as inherently transcendent. Sartre also revisits and revises Heidegger's concepts, emphasizing the ego's transcendental structure and the interplay between being and nothingness in constituting experience.
Chapter 1 of Being and Nothingness, titled "Being and doing Freedom," explores the philosophical concept of freedom as it relates to human existence and consciousness. Sartre engages with phenomenological and existentialist traditions, referencing thinkers like Heidegger, Descartes, Bergson, and Hegel, to argue that freedom is not merely the ability to choose between alternatives but is fundamentally tied to the nature of being-for-itself. The chapter also discusses the interplay between passion, will, and intentionality, emphasizing the active role of consciousness in constituting freedom.