marginalization

The chapter traces the evolution of media from traditional public relations and propaganda techniques aimed at controlling public opinion through oversimplification, emotional manipulation, and marginalization, to the emergence of the datasphere—a complex, autonomous media ecosystem that self-references and shapes culture beyond human control. It highlights how media has transformed from a mere communication channel into a living system influencing identity, social behavior, and consumerism, while audiences increasingly employ irony and skepticism to resist propaganda. This shift marks a transition from top-down media control to a dynamic mediasphere characterized by complexity, recursion, and cultural surrogacy.