microscopic-natural-history

Hooke's pioneering use of the microscope to observe living insects in their natural state, advocating for non-destructive methods to understand biological processes.

1 chapter across 1 book

Pandaemonium: The Coming of the Machine as Seen by Contemporary Observers 1660-1886 (1985)Humphrey Jennings

98. An Engine so contrived, that working the Primum mobile forward or backward, upward or downward, circularly or corner-wise, to and fro, streight, upright or downright, yet the pretended Operation continueth, and advanceth none of the motions above-mentioned, hindering, much less stopping the other; but unanimously, and with harmony agreeing they all augment and contribute strength unto the intended work and operation: And therefore I call this A Semi-omnipotent Engine, and do intend that a Model thereof be buried with me.

This chapter presents a series of excerpts from 17th-century texts that explore early mechanical inventions, environmental observations, and natural philosophy. It begins with the Marquis of Worcester's description of a complex, harmonious engine and a waterwork invention capable of lifting large quantities of water with minimal force. The chapter then shifts to John Evelyn's critique of London's polluted air caused by sea-coal smoke, Samuel Pepys' reflection on the limits of royal power over nature, Robert Hooke's systematic classification of sky conditions as part of emerging meteorology, and Robert Hooke's detailed microscopic observations of a water insect, emphasizing the importance of non-invasive scientific study.