skepticism
Skepticism is presented as a disciplined approach to questioning and testing claims, especially those related to paranormal phenomena.
2 chapters across 2 books
Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1995)Carl Sagan
Chapter 12, "The Fine Art of Baloney Detection," provides a curated bibliography of works related to critical thinking, skepticism, and the evaluation of paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. The chapter emphasizes the importance of scientific reasoning and logical analysis as tools to discern truth from falsehood, particularly in the context of supernatural and New Age beliefs. It serves as a resource guide for readers seeking to develop skills in identifying faulty reasoning and baloney in various claims.
Epistemology: An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge (2003)Nicholas Rescher
This chapter explores the nature and challenges of propositional knowledge, focusing on whether knowledge can be defined as true justified belief. It examines foundational epistemological problems such as fallibilism, skepticism, epistemic justification, and the role of presumption and trust in knowledge acquisition and cooperation. The discussion integrates philosophical analysis with pragmatic and naturalistic perspectives, highlighting the economic and social dimensions of knowledge.