colonial-authoritarianism

This chapter examines the expansion of convict settlements in New South Wales from 1815 to the late 1830s, highlighting the failure of transportation as a deterrent to crime in England and the resulting increase in harsh punitive measures in Australia. It focuses on the administration of Governor Sir Ralph Darling, who implemented severe corporal punishments such as flogging to maintain order and instill terror among convicts. The chapter details the physical and psychological brutality of flogging, emphasizing its role in reinforcing convict subjugation and the colonial penal system's punitive nature.

The chapter traces the historical trajectory of Mexico from its pre-Hispanic civilizations through the Spanish Conquest, colonial subjugation, and the struggle for independence, to the turbulent post-independence era marked by political instability and foreign intervention. It highlights the persistent exploitation and marginalization of indigenous peoples, the blending of indigenous and Spanish cultures, and the rise of authoritarian regimes culminating in Porfirio Díaz's dictatorship and the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. Key events include the fall of the Aztec Empire, the War of Independence, Liberal reforms, foreign invasions, and the social and political upheavals leading to revolutionary mobilization.