cyber-warfare

Chapter 5 examines the intersection of artificial intelligence and military strategy, emphasizing the evolving nature of warfare in the AI era. It discusses the risks and complexities of cyber warfare, autonomous weapons systems, and the strategic competition among global powers, particularly the United States and China. The chapter also highlights ethical considerations and policy frameworks guiding AI's military applications, referencing historical and contemporary sources to contextualize these developments.

Chapter 3 of 'The New Digital Age' explores how states are adapting to and controlling digital technologies, particularly the internet, to maintain sovereignty and control over information. It examines various national approaches to internet censorship, surveillance, and digital infrastructure development, highlighting examples from countries such as China, Iran, Turkey, South Korea, Malaysia, North Korea, and Chile. The chapter also discusses the economic implications of intellectual property violations and the emerging threat of cyber warfare as a new dimension of state conflict.

Chapter 6 explores the evolving nature of conflict, combat, and intervention in the digital age, emphasizing the rise of cyber warfare, unmanned drones, and robotic combat systems. It discusses the challenges posed by non-state actors, the ethical and strategic implications of autonomous weapons, and the shifting dynamics of military engagement and international intervention, including the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. The chapter also highlights real-world examples such as the use of drones in Iran, cyberattacks during the NATO-Serbia conflict, and the role of media and propaganda in modern conflicts.

Chapter 6, "Internet Rising," chronicles the evolving landscape of Russian internet and media control in the early 2000s, highlighting key figures, state interventions, and the rise of online activism. It details the Kremlin's efforts to monitor, manipulate, and suppress independent journalism and dissent through cyber operations, legal pressures, and the creation of pro-Kremlin internet infrastructures. The chapter also traces the emergence of digital revolutionaries like Alexey Navalny and the state's strategic use of internet technologies to maintain political control under the guise of "sovereign democracy."