materialist-human-nature
The belief that humans are fundamentally driven by material self-interest and the pursuit of pleasure, as held by classical philosophers and early psychologists.
2 chapters across 2 books
Biosphere Politics (2009)Jeremy Rifkin
This chapter critiques the dominant materialist and utilitarian views of human nature, tracing their lineage from Hobbes and Locke through Freud. It highlights Freud's theory that human behavior is driven by eroticized material self-interest and aggressive sexual drives, culminating in his concept of the death instinct as a fundamental force underlying life and civilization. The chapter also contrasts Freud's pessimistic view with alternative perspectives that emphasize love and empathy, noting Freud's personal limitations in recognizing the significance of motherly love and attachment.
Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis (2009)Jeremy Rifkin
This chapter explores historical and psychological perspectives on human nature, focusing on the materialist view that humans are fundamentally driven by self-interest, aggression, and sexual desire. It critically examines Freud's theory of human nature, emphasizing his concept of the death instinct and the eroticization of material self-interest, while highlighting Freud's neglect of the role of love and attachment in human development. The chapter situates Freud's pessimistic view within broader philosophical and scientific debates about human nature and civilization.